def raw(cls, secret, encoding=None):
        """encode password using LANMAN hash algorithm.

        :type secret: unicode or utf-8 encoded bytes
        :arg secret: secret to hash
        :type encoding: str
        :arg encoding:
            optional encoding to use for unicode inputs.
            this defaults to ``cp437``, which is the
            common case for most situations.

        :returns: returns string of raw bytes
        """
        if not encoding:
            encoding = cls.default_encoding
        # some nice empircal data re: different encodings is at...
        # http://www.openwall.com/lists/john-dev/2011/08/01/2
        # http://www.freerainbowtables.com/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?t=387&p=12163
        from passlib.crypto.des import des_encrypt_block
        MAGIC = cls._magic
        if isinstance(secret, unicode):
            # perform uppercasing while we're still unicode,
            # to give a better shot at getting non-ascii chars right.
            # (though some codepages do NOT upper-case the same as unicode).
            secret = secret.upper().encode(encoding)
        elif isinstance(secret, bytes):
            # FIXME: just trusting ascii upper will work?
            # and if not, how to do codepage specific case conversion?
            # we could decode first using <encoding>,
            # but *that* might not always be right.
            secret = secret.upper()
        else:
            raise TypeError("secret must be unicode or bytes")
        secret = right_pad_string(secret, 14)
        return des_encrypt_block(secret[0:7], MAGIC) + \
               des_encrypt_block(secret[7:14], MAGIC)